英语中意思为“除了……”的表达有except／except for／besides／apart from／but／but for／other than等，它们的用法复杂多变、难以掌握，学生常常为之困惑烦恼。本文将对其进行总结、归纳、练习，使学生能够系统地掌握它们的用法，消除学生几多愁。
1. except和besides都可解作“除……之外”但含义不同。
except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。
试比较：
①we all went except him.
除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)
②we all went besides him.
除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)
(1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用。
eg. he had other people to take care of besidesme.
all the students in class one went to the cinema except li ping.
(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式except后接动词不定式而besides后接动词的-ing形式。
eg.i had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式二者后面都可以接动词原形。
eg.she has nothing to do except／besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接从句。
eg.①besides that he explained the theoryhe gave us some examples.
②he is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语，而besides不能。
except for主要有三层含义：
①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。
eg.your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同类事物进行比较。
eg.the street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首，表达except的含义。
eg.except for thiseverything is in order.
except for后接名(代)词可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语。
eg.the climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)
注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同，意思是一样的。
eg. he did nothing besides (＝except) this.
除这件事外，他什么事也没做。
2. apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。
3. but含义与except相同，都表示递减的概念，二者在多数情况下可以互换，但用法稍有区别。
①except可以代替but但but并不一定都可以代替except如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时，多用but后跟宾语从句时，多用except。
②but for含义有时与except for相同，但主要表示“要不是……”，常用于虚拟句，表示一种假设。
③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。
no one but i (＝except me) knows it.
no one knows it but me (＝except me).
4. other than含义与except／but相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分后接名词、代词或不定式。
eg.in that casethere is nothing you can do other than wait. (2001年上海春季题)
practice
1. i know nothing about the young lady＿＿＿she is from beijing.(2000年上海高考题)
a. except b. except for
c. except that d. besides
2. the suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题)
a. except for b. except that
c. except when d. besides
3. he did have nothing to eat but＿＿＿＿＿.
a. to steal some food from the shop
b. to rob some food of the shop
c. steal some food from the shop
d. rob some food of the shop
4. jane was quite alone in the world＿＿＿＿an aunt in brazil.
a. except b. except for
c. besides d. instead of
5.＿＿＿＿being a little largethe hat looks nice.
a. apart from b. except
c. but d. besides for
6. in no country＿＿＿britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
a. other than b. anything that
c. more than d. rather than
7. he gets up early every day＿＿＿sunday.
a. besides b. except for
c. except that d. except
8. we need fifteen more people＿＿＿＿＿＿our team to do the job.
a. besides b. except for
c. except that d. except
key1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a
6. a 7. d 8.ａ
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