终止性动词又称非延续性动词,这类动词所表示的动作在发生后立即结束并产生某种结果,此后该动作不再延续下去。常见的终止性动词有:go,come,reach,arrive,leave,begin,join,borrow,buy,die,stop,kill等。在使用终止性动词时应注意如下3种情况:
1.终止性动词与till(until)引导的从句或时间状语连用时,一般用否定形式,不用肯定形式。例如:
I can’t come till Tuesday.
我星期二以前不能来。
They aren’t going back to work until they get more money.
他们要到增加了工资才会回去工作。
2.终止性动词在其肯定句式中不能与表示一段时间的for状语连用。例如:
【误】He has left the station for twenty minutes.
【误】His grandfather has died for two years.
这是因为leave,die等动词所表示的动作都是瞬间性的,不可能延续几分钟、几小时或几年,所以,不能与for时间状语连用。我们可以用下列几种形式转换。
①将现在完成时改为一般过去时,同时把“for...”改为“...ago”。例如:
He left the station twenty minutes ago.
His grandfather died two years ago.
②用“It is+段时间+since+主语+过去动作”的句型来替换。 例如:
It is twenty minutes since he left the station.
It is two years since his grandfather died.
③用一个合适的延续性动词来替换终止性动词,如用have替换buy,用keep替换borrow等。但并不是所有的终止性动词都能找到一个合适的延续性动词来替换,所以我们还可用be的完成形式来替换,如上面两句中,我们可以把leave改换成be away(from);把die改换成be dead。例如:
He has been away from the station for twenty minutes.
His grandfather has been dead for two years.
终止性动词的肯定式不可延续,但它们的否定式可以延续一段时间,因为这个动作根本就未发生。例如:
He hasn’t come for two days.
他已经两天没来了。
I haven’t received her letter for three years.
我已经3年没收到她的来信了。
3.终止性动词不能与how long引导的疑问句连用。如下面两句话均有错误:
How long have you borrowed the book?
How long has his brother joined the army?
应改为:
How long have you kept the book?
How long has his brother been in the army?
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