一、形容词的概述
(一)形容词的定义及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或某些代词的词叫做形容词。形容词一般放在名词前,在句子中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
、作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。
如:The beautiful girl is my sister。这个漂亮女孩是我妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.。我有重要的事情告诉你。
2、作表语,放在系动词之后。
如:Our school is big and clean. 我们的学校又大又干净。
I felt terrible this morning. 我今天早上感觉不舒服。
3、作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。
如:you must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭上眼睛。
I find it hard to travel around the big city.
我发现环游这个城市很困难。
4、某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad;rich/poor;young/old;deaf/blind;black/white; living/dead等。
如:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
The young should be polite to the old.
年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。
(二)形容词的种类
形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、形状、颜色、产地、温度等。
(1)表示质量:a beautiful dress; a nice day等。
(2)表示大小:a big dog; a small pot; a little boy等。
(3)表示新旧:a new coat; an old watch等。
(4)表示形状:a round table; a tall building等。
(5)表示颜色:blue eyes; a white dog; a red sweater等。
(6)表示产地:a Japanese apple; a Chinese car等。
(7)表示温度:the high temperature; a cold day等。
(三)形容词的构成
(1)名词+ful 。 help ---helpful; care---careful等。
(2)名词+y 。 rain---rainy; cloud---cloudy; sun---sunny等。
(3)名词+ing 。 interest---interesting; surprise---surprising等。
(4)其它。wool---woolen; friend---friendly; hundred-meter(race);
kind-hearted等。
二、(一)形容词比较级、最高级的规则变化
1.大多数形容词副词之后直接加-er,-est ,
如:short—shorter—shortest;slow—slower—slowesrt;quick—quicker –quickest
2.以e 结尾的形容词和副词加-r,-st ,
如:nice—nicer—nicest;late—later—latest; large—larger—largest
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词副词变y为i再加--er ,--est,
如:early—earlier—earliest heavy— heavier—heaviest; busy—busier—busiest
4.以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er,-est,
如:big—bigger—biggest; fat—fatter—fattest; hot—hotter—hottest;
thin—thinner—thinnest; red—redder—reddest
(二)形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
1.不规则的形容词副词的比较级最高级:
如:many/much—more—most good/well—better—best bad/badly—worse—worst
little—less—least far—farther—farthest
2.多音节的形容词副词的比较级最高级加-more,-most,
如;beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
interesting—more interesting—most interesting
popular—more popular—most popular
三、形容词的用法
(一)形容词原级(原形)的用法
1、说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。
如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful . 花园里的花漂亮。
2、有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
如:The boy is too young. 这个男孩太小。
3、表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
(1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B”,
如:English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim. 小明和吉姆一样高。
(2)否定句中的结构:“A…+as /so+形容词原级+as+B”,
如:This book isn't as new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。
I am not so careful as Lucy. 我没有露西仔细。
(3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。
(一倍:once;二倍:twice; 三倍以上:数字+times)
如:Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
The table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。
(二)形容词比较级的用法
1、表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A…+比较级+than +B”。
如:Li Lei's room is bigger than mine.李莉的房间比我的房间大。
2、有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时,
用形容词比较级。
如:It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷多了。
3、表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,
用句型“Which/Who is +形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。
如:Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛谁更高?
Which sweater is more beautiful ,the yellow one or the pink one?
哪件毛衣更漂亮,黄色的那件还是粉色的那件?
4、表示“比……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than
如:I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。
5、表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two )”时,常用“the +比较级”结构。
如:Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中较高的那个。
6、表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,
多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
如:It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡变得越来越漂亮。
7、表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the +比较级“结构
如:The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.天气越暖和我感觉越舒服。
针对性训练
( )1. I found he looked ___ than last time when I went to see him.
A. better B. well C. good D. bad
( )2. She's already ___ her brother.
A. so tall than B. as tall than C. so tall as D. as tall as
( )3. It is said that it is ___ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon?
A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter
( )4. Shanghai is bigger than ___ in Japan.
A. any other city B. all the other cities C. any city D. the other cities
( )5. ___ you speak English, ___ you can speak.
A. The more; better B. More; the better C. More; better D. The more; the better
( )6. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks ___ .
A. more brighter B. more bright C. less brighter D. much brighter
( )7. Each of us was too tired to go any ___ .
A. far B. farer C. much farther D. farther
( )8. ---Dad, could you buy me a bike like this?
--- Hmm, we can buy ___ one than this, but as good as this.
A. better B. the best C. a cheaper D. a cheap
( )9. Now it is ___ here, but it is even ___ in Jinan.
A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hottest C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter
( )10. ---I can't afford the white dress. Can you show me something cheaper?
---What about the orange one? The price is a little ___ .
A. cheaper B. lower C. higher D. more expensive
Keys:
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.B
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