语法：全国I卷单项选择必考知识清单

　　（作者：韩颖）

　　经过对近五年的全国卷英语试题单项选择部分的总结，我们的出入下结论：全国卷的考题在知识广度上有很好的体现，对中学阶段要求学生掌握的语法项目都有较完整的覆盖面，而且试题对知识点的考查很细。这就要求考生在复习备考中应注意把握词汇的基本用法和基本句法知识，不能有遗漏现象，不能有侥幸心理，不能顾此失彼。

　　高考必考英语知识清单：

　　考点1 冠词考点2 名词

　　考点3 代词考点4 形容词/副词

　　考点5 定语从句考点6 状语从句

　　考点7 名词性从句考点8 时态、语态

　　考点9 非谓语动词考点10 情态动词

　　考点11 动词及动词短语辨析考点12 倒装语序

　　考点13 主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他考点14 日常交际用语

　　下面我们对部分考点给出具体的复习重点指导：

　　一、状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意

　　1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves

　　How long it’ll be before I can go back to work?

　　2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel.

　　3.since: It’s three years since I smoked.

　　4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…

　　5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade.

　　My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.

　　6.主将从现：

　　I can when my headache disappear thoroughly.

　　If you go, so will I.

　　二、时态和语态是很重要的考点

　　have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left

　　The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.

　　三、注意情态动词对过去表示推测的用法

　　比如，couldn’t have done/might have done/needn’t have done/should/ought to have done

　　特别是shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission.

　　Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon.

　　It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city.

　　Shall I/he book a table?

　　请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义，如：

　　must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel.

　　would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories.

　　should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam.

　　may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!

　　四、你需要记住一些交际用语，比如：

　　Just in case!/Take your time!/Take it easy!/You can’t be serious/Up to you!/What if?/Can you make it?/What for?/What kept you?/Of what?/Exactly!/With pleasure!/That isn’t due yet./The early train is due to leave at 5:30 a.m./I’ll give you a lift./Why not?/You are wanted on the phone.

　　五、非谓语动词——注意分清谓语与非谓语，比如：

　　She went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.

　　She said, and turning away from him, walked rapidly away.